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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Extreme weather ： ウィキペディア英語版 Extreme weather Extreme weather includes unusual, severe or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution—the range that has been seen in the past.〔Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2.7 Has Climate Variability, or have Climate Extremes, Changed? ) Retrieved on 13 April 2007.〕 Often, extreme events are based on a location’s recorded weather history and defined as lying in the most unusual ten percent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events )〕 In recent years some extreme weather events have been attributed to human-induced global warming,〔(''Scientists attribute extreme weather to man-made climate change'' ). ''Researchers have for the first time attributed recent floods, droughts and heat waves, to human-induced climate change.'' 10 July 2012 The Guardian〕〔''(Extremely Bad Weather: ) Studies start linking climate change to current events'' November 17, 2012; Vol.182 #10 Science News〕 with studies indicating an increasing threat from extreme weather in the future.〔(Study Indicates a Greater Threat of Extreme Weather ) April 26, 2012〕 == Costs == According to IPCC (2011) estimates of annual losses have ranged since 1980 from a few billion to above US$200 billion (in 2010 dollars), with the highest value for 2005 (the year of Hurricane Katrina) .〔(U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Summary Statistics )〕 The global weather-related disaster losses reported over the last few decades reflect mainly monetized direct damages to assets, and are unequally distributed. Loss estimates are lower bound estimates because many impacts, such as loss of human lives, cultural heritage, and ecosystem services, are difficult to value and monetize, and thus they are poorly reflected in estimates of losses.〔(Smith A.B. and R. Katz, 2013: U.S. Billion-dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Data sources, Trends, Accuracy and Biases. Natural Hazards, 67, 387–410, doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5 )〕〔(Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX), Summary ) (IPCC )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Extreme weather」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.